What are the four phases of the cell cycle?

The four phases of the cell cycle are accurately described by the first choice: G1, S, G2, and M.

G1, or the first gap phase, is primarily focused on cell growth and the synthesis of proteins necessary for DNA replication. It is a stage where the cell prepares itself for the next phase while also performing its normal functions.

The S phase, or synthesis phase, is where DNA replication occurs. This is critical because each chromosome is duplicated, ensuring that when the cell divides, each daughter cell will receive an accurate copy of the genetic material.

G2, or the second gap phase, is dedicated to the preparation for mitosis. During this phase, the cell continues to grow and produce the proteins needed for mitosis. It also undergoes final checks to ensure that DNA has been accurately replicated and that the cell is ready to divide.

Finally, the M phase encompasses mitosis, where the nucleus divides, followed by cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells. This phase is crucial for the actual division process of the cell.

In summary, option A clearly outlines the correct sequence and purposes of the phases of the cell cycle, emphasizing the growth and preparation steps leading up to and including