What characterizes an autotrophic organism?

An autotrophic organism is characterized primarily by its ability to synthesize its own food, often through processes such as photosynthesis. This means that these organisms can convert inorganic substances, like carbon dioxide and water, into organic compounds, typically using sunlight as an energy source. This self-sufficiency is a defining feature of autotrophs, which distinguishes them from heterotrophic organisms that rely on consuming other organisms for energy and nutrients.

For example, plants, many algae, and certain bacteria are classified as autotrophs because they have the necessary biological machinery, such as chlorophyll, to capture light energy and transform it into chemical energy stored in glucose. This capability not only allows them to sustain themselves but also plays a crucial role in ecosystems as primary producers, forming the foundation of food webs.

In contrast, the other options describe characteristics that do not apply to autotrophic organisms. For instance, the reliance on other organisms for survival indicates heterotrophy, while consuming both plants and animals suggests omnivorous feeding behavior, which is not a trait of autotrophs. Additionally, suggesting that autotrophs cannot survive in extreme environments does not accurately reflect the adaptive nature of many autotrophic organisms, as some are well-equipped to thrive in such conditions.