What is evolution?

Evolution is defined as the gradual change in species over time through processes such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. This process allows populations of organisms to adapt and change, resulting in the diversity of life we observe today. Natural selection is particularly crucial, as it explains how certain traits become more prevalent in a population due to advantages that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments.

The concept of gradual change emphasizes that evolution occurs over long periods, rather than sudden shifts, as proposed in some of the other choices. This gradualism allows for the accumulation of small changes which can lead to significant transformations in species over many generations. Furthermore, this definition aligns with the observable evidence and theoretical frameworks developed in the field of evolutionary biology, such as the fossil record and anatomical comparisons.

Understanding evolution in this context is essential because it encapsulates ongoing processes that shape biodiversity and the adaptation of organisms to their environments, reflecting the long-term interplay between organisms and their surroundings.