What is the basic structure of a phospholipid?

The basic structure of a phospholipid is characterized by a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. The hydrophilic head is typically composed of a phosphate group linked to a glycerol backbone, while the hydrophobic tails are long fatty acid chains.

This unique structure is crucial for forming biological membranes, such as the phospholipid bilayer found in cell membranes. In this bilayer, the hydrophilic heads face outward towards the aqueous environment both inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails are oriented inward, away from water. This arrangement creates a semi-permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, playing a vital role in cellular function.

Understanding the structure of phospholipids is essential for comprehension of how cells maintain their integrity and how various substances interact with the cell membrane.