What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

tRNA, or transfer RNA, plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by decoding mRNA into a protein. During the process of translation, tRNA molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to a growing polypeptide chain according to the sequence of codons in the mRNA. Each tRNA has an anticodon region that pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA strand, ensuring that the correct amino acid is incorporated based on the genetic code. This decoding process is vital for the accurate synthesis of proteins, which are essential for the function and structure of all living cells.

The other options refer to different functions that are not relevant to tRNA. For instance, catalyzing biochemical reactions is a function typically associated with enzymes, not tRNA. Providing a template for DNA replication relates to DNA itself, rather than tRNA. Stabilizing ribosomal structure is a role that may involve ribosomal RNA (rRNA) rather than tRNA. Thus, the primary and distinguishing function of tRNA in the context of protein synthesis is its role in decoding mRNA into a protein.