What is the function of telomeres?

Telomeres play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of linear chromosomes. They are repetitive nucleotide sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that function to protect these ends from deterioration and from being mistakenly recognized as broken DNA by cellular repair mechanisms. This protective role is vital because, during DNA replication, the enzymes that copy DNA cannot replicate the end of a chromosome completely. Without telomeres, important coding regions of DNA could be lost with each cell division, leading to genomic instability.

By serving as a buffer zone, telomeres ensure that the essential genetic information contained in the chromosome is preserved and not affected by the gradual shortening that occurs during replication. Thus, the key function of telomeres is their protective mechanism, which prevents the chromosomes from losing vital genetic information and helps maintain genomic stability over time.