What is the function of DNA polymerase?

DNA polymerase plays a crucial role in DNA replication, which is the process by which a cell copies its DNA before cell division. Its primary function is to synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain, a process that is essential for maintaining genetic continuity across generations of cells.

During replication, the enzyme reads the existing single-stranded DNA template and incorporates complementary nucleotides, thus creating a new strand that is complementary to the original. This activity not only ensures that the genetic information is accurately passed on to the daughter cells but also contributes to the high fidelity of DNA replication, as DNA polymerases have proofreading capabilities that help correct errors during synthesis. Consequently, the synthesis of new DNA strands by DNA polymerase is foundational for cell division, genetic stability, and overall cellular function.