What is the purpose of transformation in bacteria?

The purpose of transformation in bacteria is to take up naked DNA molecules from the environment. This process allows bacteria to acquire new genetic material, which can be beneficial for adaptation and evolution. Through transformation, bacteria can gain new traits such as antibiotic resistance, metabolic capabilities, or the ability to utilize different nutrients, thus enhancing their survival in varying environments.

During transformation, the bacteria may take in free-floating DNA that could be released from dead or lysed cells. This DNA can integrate into the bacterial genome through mechanisms such as homologous recombination, leading to genetic changes. This natural competence for transformation is a key aspect of bacterial genetics and plays a significant role in horizontal gene transfer, which contributes to the genetic diversity of bacterial populations.