Which of the following correctly defines secondary succession?

Secondary succession is defined as the ecological process that occurs in an area where a disturbance has happened but where some aspects of the pre-existing ecosystem, particularly the soil and some organisms, remain intact. This type of succession often follows events such as fires, floods, or human activities like farming, which do not completely eliminate all life or soil from the area.

The correct option reflects this concept, highlighting that life can return more quickly to these areas compared to primary succession, which involves lifeless, barren environments like those created by volcanic eruptions or glacial retreats. In secondary succession, the remaining soil and seed bank allow for the rapid recolonization of plants and animals, leading to a quicker recovery of the ecosystem.

Understanding this concept clarifies why the other options are incorrect: secondary succession does not occur in lifeless areas, is not characterized by the complete destruction of soil, and is not limited to aquatic environments. Instead, it is a process that happens on previously occupied land where the foundational elements, such as soil, remain.